Recursos naturales, reestructuración y protesta socioambiental en el estado de Campeche

Abstract

Southeast Mexico is a region of profound social, economic, environmental and political contrasts, with vast natural wealth, and for this reason, a factor in constant environmental conflicts for several decades. For this reason, one of the critical aspects that we will address in this work in a specific way, refers to the perverse logic known in specialized literature as "the paradox of abundance" or "the curse of natural resources" (Acosta, 2016: 391), which deals with the marked contradiction between the wealth generated by the extraction and export of abundant natural resources and the meager benefits for the bulk of the population. This historical natural wealth has been, paradoxically, the trigger for the great social and economic transformations linked to international exchanges and the globalization process. Under this tenor, development policies have accelerated in the region a process of disagreement between the productive sectors immersed in modernization, with a significant part of society facing a climate of uncertainty and violence, since in the Mexican southeast generating a fragmentation and accentuated social differentiation. This work pretends to be a first approach, especially descriptive, of the socio-environmental conflicts in Campeche. Based on a newspaper review of the local newspapers with the highest circulation and impact, such as Por Esto, Tribuna de Campeche and Expreso de Campeche. From 2011 to mid-2017, 39 environmental conflicts were registered, which were classified as follows: agricultural, fishing, forestry, industrial and urban. This will allow the construction of a socio-territorial analysis of the collective socio-environmental actions in the state and their respective responses as collective actions of the actors involved.